PROYECTO PILOTO COMO RESPUESTA A LA MASIVA DEFORESTACIÓN DEL PAÍS
By Ante la masiva deforestación de la selva Colombiana, VECOL S.A. entrega al país un modelo piloto e innovador pionero en el enfoque silvopastoril y de ganadería ecológica en Chocó, a partir del uso de productos no maderables del bosque, forrajes y follajes de la región.
Los proyectos piloto de VECOL S.A. pretenden articular y concertar en el modelo, el apoyo a los ganaderos colombianos que brindan todas las entidades gubernamentales y privadas, optimizando el uso de los recursos logrando así una transformación efectiva de la ganadería colombiana.
Este proyecto se lleva a cabo en Bahía Solano, una de las pocas regiones del país libres de Fiebre Aftosa, sin vacunación, done el concepto no ha sido el de atender las fincas sino la población bovina existente, advierte Hugo Armando Graciano Gómez, presidente de VECOL S.A.
Aunque hace parte de los proyectos piloto de excelencia sanitaria en ganadería bovina, porcina, ovino – caprina, equina y bufalina que se adelantan en diferentes regiones del país, este es muy especial, dice Graciano Gómez, al señalar que tiene condiciones especiales que lo hacen único pero al mismo tiempo replicables en otras regiones del país que están siendo afectadas por la tala masiva de bosques.
Modelos agroforestales
El presidente de VECOL S.A. explica que desde finales del 2017 la Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios, junto con la Universidad Católica de Oriente, UCO, vienen desarrollando un proyecto piloto para el establecimiento de modelos agroforestales en diferentes corregimientos y veredas del municipio de Bahía Solano, Chocó, donde existe una población superior a los 3.500 bovinos.
La selección del municipio de Bahía Solano no es fortuita, dice Graciano Gómez, esta región del departamento del Chocó es considerado en Colombia como libre de aftosa sin vacunación lo que representa muchos retos con el fin de mantener ese estatus sanitario, sin embargo, en cuanto a conservación forestal presenta serias amenazas.
Datos entregados por el gobierno nacional indican que en 2016 la región Pacífica presentó la más alta tasa de deforestación del país, debido a la extracción de maderas de gran valor pero también como consecuencia de la expansión de la frontera agrícola.
Palmas con potencial alimenticio
En desarrollo del proyecto se encontraron especies forestales de alto valor comercial que deben ser tenidas en cuenta en los programas de reforestación; especies como huina (Carapa guianensis) Aubl., Choibá (Dypterix oleífera) Benth., dormilón (Pentaclethra macroloba) Kuntze; entre otros.
Dentro de los objetivos planteados para la ejecución en campo cabe destacar la identificación de especies aptas para ser utilizadas en la alimentación animal, no solamente de bovinos sino también de otros animales de abasto como cerdos y aves.
En esta búsqueda aparecen especies como el quiebrabarrigo (Trichantera gigantea) y el matarratón (Gliricidia sepium) que hacen parte del inventario forrajero reconocido en el país y cuentan con múltiples estudios que avalan sus características nutricionales y productivas.
Sin embargo existen una gran cantidad de especies promisorias que ya están en los bosques primarios y que se pueden convertir en una fuente de ingresos del bosque sin necesidad de impactar negativamente sobre los ecosistemas. Se han encontrado especies de palmas chocoanas con potencial para la alimentación animal.
Hugo Graciano Gómez dice que los resultados parciales del proyecto se entregarán este mes especialmente los relacionados con la identificación y seguimiento productivo (pesaje y seguimiento reproductivo) de los semovientes existentes en los predios demostrativos, establecimiento de bancos forrajeros y conservación de forrajes, establecimiento de cercas vivas con arbustos y árboles maderables, siembra y manejo de especies maderables de interés con el fin de disminuir la presión forestal sobre bosques primarios, aumento de la diversidad en las praderas, registros productivos de los potreros, entre otros aspectos.
Otro aspecto que vale la pena señalar, dice el presidente de VECOL S.A. es el relacionado con el mejoramiento genético que la empresa ha comenzado a desarrollar en esta región del país buscando que las ganaderías existentes en la región puedan ser más productivas en términos de carne y leche, aspecto fundamental para la economía de la región.
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